Match List - I with List - II. Match the concepts with their proper explanation.
| LIST-I | LIST-II | ||
| (A) | Communalism | (I) | Separating state from religion |
| (B) | Secularism | (II) | Aggressive political ideology linked to religion |
| (C) | Regionalism | (III) | State in which those in power are not accountable to anyone |
| (D) | Authoritarianism | (IV) | Superiority of culture, language of a particular region |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (A) – (I), (B) – (IV), (C) – (III), (D) – (II)
(2) (A) – (II), (B) – (I), (C) – (IV), (D) – (III)
(3) (A) – (IV), (B) – (II), (C) – (I), (D) – (III)
(4) (A) – (III), (B) – (IV), (C) – (I), (D) – (II)
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A) – (II), (B) – (I), (C) – (IV), (D) – (III)
(A) Communalism — this matches (II) Aggressive political ideology linked to religion. Communalism refers to aggressive chauvinism based on religious identity.
(B) Secularism — this matches (I) Separating state from religion. In the western sense, secularism means the separation of the state from religion; the Indian meaning includes this sense and adds equal respect for all religions.
(C) Regionalism — this matches (IV) Superiority of culture, language of a particular region. Regionalism grows from the languages and cultures concentrated in particular regions and a sense of regional deprivation.
(D) Authoritarianism — this matches (III) State in which those in power are not accountable to anyone. An authoritarian state is the opposite of a democratic state: the people have no voice and those in power are not accountable to anyone.
NCERT (2025-26): “Communalism … In everyday language, the word ‘communalism’ refers to aggressive chauvinism based on religious identity. Chauvinism itself is an attitude that sees one’s own group as the only legitimate or worthy group, with other groups being seen – by definition – as inferior, illegitimate and opposed. Thus, to simplify further, communalism is an aggressive political ideology linked to religion.…” “Secularism … Secularism is among the most complex terms in social and political theory. In the western context the main sense of these terms has to do with the separation of church and state.…” “6.2 Regionalism in the Indian Context … Regionalism in India is rooted in India’s diversity of languages, cultures, tribes, and religions. It is also encouraged by the geographical concentration of these identity markers in particular regions, and fuelled by a sense of regional deprivation.…” “6.4 State and Civil Society … An authoritarian state is the opposite of a democratic state. It is a state in which the people have no voice and those in power are not accountable to anyone.…” |