A sociologist argues that the traditional caste system was not merely a hierarchy but also an organised arrangement of interdependent groups. Which feature best supports this interpretation?

Each caste was expected to perform a distinct social function that was not meant to be replaced by another caste.

The correct answer is Option 1: Each caste was expected to perform a distinct social function that was not meant to be replaced by another caste.

The caste system was organised not only through inequality but also through complementarity. Different castes were assigned specific roles, creating interdependence within society. This functional arrangement did not eliminate hierarchy; rather, it coexisted with unequal ritual status.

Option 2: All castes possessed identical ritual status despite occupational differences. False. Ritual inequality was one of the defining features of the caste system.

Option 3: Competition among castes ensured efficient allocation of occupations.  False. The traditional system emphasised complementarity rather than competition.

Option 4: Every caste enjoyed equal opportunities to enter occupations traditionally performed by other castes. False. Occupational mobility was not permitted in principle.