Put the following events of 'Changes in Rural Society' in correct sequence:
(A) Green Revolution was initiated in dry and semi-arid regions of India
(B) Indian farmers were exposed to competition from global market
(C) Zamindars were given more control over the land than they had before
(D) An important land reform abolishing the Zamindar system was passed
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (C), (D), (A), (B)
(C) Zamindars were given more control over the land than they had before — this belongs to the colonial period. The British ruled through the local zamindars and granted them property rights, so under the British the zamindars were given more control over land than before.
(D) An important land reform abolishing the Zamindar system was passed — after Independence, a series of land reform laws was passed from the 1950s to the 1970s. The first important one was the abolition of the zamindari system, which removed the intermediaries between the cultivators and the state.
(A) Green Revolution was initiated in dry and semi-arid regions of India — the first phase of the Green Revolution, in the 1960s and 1970s, was introduced only in areas with assured irrigation. In its second phase, which began in the 1980s, farmers in the dry and semi-arid regions began following Green Revolution practices.
(B) Indian farmers were exposed to competition from global market — this is the most recent change. Under the policy of liberalisation and the WTO, which requires Indian markets to be opened to imports, after decades of state support and protected markets Indian farmers have been exposed to competition from the global market.
NCERT (2025-26): “The Colonial Period … When the British colonised India, in many areas they ruled through these local zamindars. They also granted property rights to the zamindars. Under the British, the zamindars were given more control over land than they had before.…” “Independent India … From the 1950s to the 1970s, a series of land reform laws were passed – at the national level as well as in the states – that were intended to bring about these changes. The first important legislation was the abolition of the zamindari system, which removed the layer of intermediaries who stood between the cultivators and the state.…” “…The second phase of the Green Revolution which began in 1980s, farmers living in the dry and semi-arid regions of India began following Green Revolution cultivation practices. In these areas there has been a significant shift from dry to wet (irrigated) cultivation, along with changes in the cropping pattern and type of crops grown.…” “4.6 Globalisation, Liberalisation, and Rural Society … The policy of liberalisation that India has been following since the late 1980s have had a very significant impact on agriculture and rural society. The policy entails participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO), which aims to bring about a more free international trading system and requires the opening up of Indian markets to imports. After decades of state support and protected markets, Indian farmers have been exposed to competition from the global market.…” |