Cryopreservation , Invitro fertilization are mainly used under which of the following conservation method?

Ex-situ conservation

The correct answer is Option (2)- Ex-situ conservation

In situ conservation strategies involve the protection and conservation of species and ecosystems within their natural habitats. In-situ conservation is a set of methods aimed at preserving all living species, particularly wild and endangered ones, within their natural habitats and environments. This approach involves the protection and management of biodiversity in its original ecosystem. Examples of in-situ conservation strategies include biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, sacred groves and other protected areas that aim to maintain the ecological integrity and diversity of the region. These designated areas serve as havens for various plant and animal species, ensuring their survival and contributing to the overall conservation of biodiversity.

Ex situ conservation refers to conservation efforts that focus on protecting species or ecosystems outside their natural habitats, often in specialized facilities like botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, or captive breeding centers. In these facilities, endangered or threatened species are taken out of their natural environment and provided with a controlled and protected setting where they can be bred, cared for, and preserved. Cryopreservation of seeds, embryos, or genetic materials are common strategies used to safeguard genetic diversity for future use.

Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilised in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be kept for long periods in seed banks.