Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Encoding
Option (1) Decoding — Incorrect. Decoding is done by the receiver, who translates the message into understandable forms. The question speaks of the source of the message.
Option (2) Noise — Incorrect. Noise is anything that disturbs the message on its way, such as a buzz in the sound system or someone whispering nearby, so that the receiver cannot take in the signals properly. It is a barrier to communication, not a step taken by the source.
Option (3) Encoding — Correct. When we communicate, we encode: we take ideas, give them meaning and put them into message forms, and then send the idea through a channel. This is the work of the source of the message.
Option (4) Paraphrasing — Incorrect. Paraphrasing is the listener’s restatement, in her/his own words, of a summary of what was said. It comes after the message has been received.
Note: Encoding, one of the components of human communication, was there in the chapter ‘Developing Psychological Skills’ of the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2022, and is not there in the NCERT book (2025-26).
NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “Components of Human Communication … When we communicate, we encode (i.e., take ideas, give them meaning and put them into message forms), and send the idea through a channel.… The message is sent to someone who receives it using her or his primary signal system. S/he decodes (i.e., translates message into understandable forms).…” “Paraphrasing … Ask her/him to restate what you had said. The person in doing this does not repeat your exact words. S/he makes a summary of the ideas just received and provides you with a restatement of what s/he understands. This is called ‘paraphrasing’.…” |