Match List I with List II
| LIST-I (Concept) | LIST-II (Explanation) | ||
| A. | Sanskritisation | I. | Process of decline of influence of religion |
| B. | Westernisation | II. | Process of adopting Western Culture |
| C. | Modernisation | III. | Process of upward social mobility |
| D. | Secularisation | IV. | Process of adopting modern technology |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
(A) Sanskritisation — this matches (III) Process of upward social mobility. In sanskritisation a ‘low’ caste or tribe takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs and style of life of a high, ‘twice-born’ caste, and this usually has the effect of improving its position in the local caste hierarchy.
(B) Westernisation — this matches (II) Process of adopting Western Culture. Westernisation means the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, in technology, institutions, ideology and values.
(C) Modernisation — this matches (IV) Process of adopting modern technology. In the early years, modernisation referred to improvement in technology and production processes.
(D) Secularisation — this matches (I) Process of decline of influence of religion. In the modern west, secularisation has usually meant a process of decline in the influence of religion.
NCERT (2025-26): “Sanskritisation … The term sanskritisation was coined by M.N. Srinivas. It may be briefly defined as the process by which a ‘low’ caste or tribe or other group takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs, ideology and style of life of a high and, in particular, a ‘twice-born (dwija) caste’.” “…Srinivas argued that, ‘the Sanskritisation of a group has usually the effect of improving its position in the local caste hierarchy.…” “Westernisation … You have already read about our western colonial past. You have seen how it often brought about changes that were paradoxical and strange. M.N. Srinivas defines westernisation as ‘the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, the term subsuming changes occurring at different levels…technology, institutions, ideology and values…” “Modernisation and Secularisation … The term modernisation has a long history. From the 19th and more so the 20th century, the term began to be associated with positive and desirable values. People and societies wanted to be modern. In the early years, modernisation referred to improvement in technology and production processes.…” “In the modern west, secularisation has usually meant a process of decline in the influence of religion. It has been an assumption of all theorists of modernisation that modern societies become increasingly secular.…” |