Which among the following have helped in the empowerment of women ?

SHGs

The correct answer is option (1) : SHGs

Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have played a significant role in empowering women by providing them with a platform for collective savings, access to credit, skill development, and decision-making opportunities. SHGs enable women to become financially independent, improve their social status, and participate more actively in economic activities.

Commercial Banks and Rural Development Banks (like NABARD) also contribute to women's empowerment through various financial services and support programs, but SHGs specifically focus on grassroots-level empowerment through community-based initiatives.