Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (A) Burning of 1 kg of coal | (I) \(9\times10^{13}\ \mathrm{J}\) |
| (B) Fission of 1 kg of uranium | (II) \(1.49\times10^{-10}\ \mathrm{J}\) |
| (C) Complete conversion of 1 g of matter into energy | (III) \(10^{7}\ \mathrm{J}\) |
| (D) Energy equivalent of a mass of 1 u | (IV) \(10^{14}\ \mathrm{J}\) |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(A) Burning of 1 kg of coal — This matches (III) \( 10^{7}\ \mathrm{J} \). Burning is a chemical reaction. Each atom gives only a few electron volts.
(B) Fission of 1 kg of uranium — This matches (IV) \( 10^{14}\ \mathrm{J} \). Each fission gives energy of the order of MeV. So 1 kg of uranium gives about a million times more energy than 1 kg of coal.
(C) Complete conversion of 1 g of matter into energy — This matches (I) \( 9\times10^{13}\ \mathrm{J} \). From \( E=mc^{2} \), \( E=10^{-3}\times(3\times10^{8})^{2}\ \mathrm{J} \).
(D) Energy equivalent of a mass of 1 u — This matches (II) \( 1.49\times10^{-10}\ \mathrm{J} \). Here \( E=mc^{2} \) is used with \( m=1.66\times10^{-27}\ \mathrm{kg} \). This energy is 931.5 MeV.
NCERT (2026-27):
Nuclear Energy – “… Fission of 1 kg of uranium, for example, generates 1014 J of energy; compare it with burning of 1 kg of coal that gives 107 J.”
Example 13.2 – “Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 g of substance. … E = 10–3 × 9 × 1016 = 9 × 1013 J”
Example 13.3 – “… 1u = 1.6605 × 10–27 kg … energy equivalent = 1.6605 × 10–27 × (2.9979 × 108)2 kg m2/s2 = 1.4924 × 10–10 J”