The important ideas proposed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are :
(A) People have a tendency to maximise self concept through self actualisation.
(B) There is a collective unconscious consisting of archetypes
(C) Behaviour is goal directed and worthwhile people try to express capabilities, potentials and talents to the fullest possible extent.
(D) An atmosphere of unconditional positive regard must be created in order to ensure enhancement of one's self concept.
(E) Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (C), (D) only
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the humanistic perspective on personality, which stresses growth, fulfilment and self-actualisation.
(A) People have a tendency to maximise self concept through self actualisation. Correct. This is Rogers’ basic principle: in this process the self grows, expands and becomes more social.
(B) There is a collective unconscious consisting of archetypes Incorrect. This is the idea of Carl Jung, a psychodynamic theorist: archetypes or primordial images such as God or the Mother Earth are inherited, not individually acquired.
(C) Behaviour is goal directed and worthwhile people try to express capabilities, potentials and talents to the fullest possible extent. Correct. Rogers held that people try to express their capabilities, potentials and talents to the fullest extent possible, and one of his two basic assumptions is that behaviour is goal-directed and worthwhile.
(D) An atmosphere of unconditional positive regard must be created in order to ensure enhancement of one’s self concept. Correct. When the conditions are positive, self-concept and self-esteem are high, so an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard must be created; Rogers’ client-centred therapy attempts to create it.
(E) Human beings display a wide range of variations in psychological attributes. Incorrect. This is the idea of individual differences, the starting point of the study of psychological attributes such as intelligence and aptitude. It describes how people differ, not a humanistic idea of growth.
NCERT (2025-26): “Humanistic Approach … Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have particularly contributed to the development of humanistic perspective on personality. We will briefly examine their theories. The most important idea proposed by Rogers is that of a fully functioning person. He believes that fulfilment is the motivating force for personality development. People try to express their capabilities, potentials and talents to the fullest extent possible. There is an inborn tendency among persons that directs them to actualise their inherited nature. Rogers makes two basic assumptions about human behaviour. One is that behaviour is goal-directed and worthwhile. The second is that people (who are innately good) will almost always choose adaptive, self-actualising behaviour.…” “Humanistic Approach … basic principle is that people have a tendency to maximise self-concept through self-actualisation.…” “Humanistic Approach … This situation warrants that an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard must be created in order to ensure enhancement of people’s self-concept. The client-centred therapy that Rogers developed basically attempts to create this condition.…” “…Jung claimed that there was a collective unconscious consisting of archetypes or primordial images. These are not individually acquired, but are inherited.…” |