With the partition of the subcontinent and the creation of Pakistan, where are the major Harappan sites located?

Pakistan

The boundaries of the Harappan civilization do not align with present-day national boundaries. However, after the partition of the subcontinent and the creation of Pakistan, the major Harappan sites now fall within Pakistani territory. Consequently, Indian archaeologists have been motivated to locate Harappan sites within India. Through extensive surveys in Kutch, several Harappan settlements have been discovered, and explorations in Punjab and Haryana have contributed to the list of Harappan sites. Notable excavations, such as Kalibangan, Lothal, Rakhi Garhi, and most recently Dholavira, have been conducted as part of these endeavors, with ongoing explorations continuing.

Over time, new issues have gained significance in Harappan archaeology. While some archaeologists aim to establish a cultural sequence, others seek to comprehend the reasons behind the specific location of sites. Additionally, researchers grapple with the interpretation of various artifacts, attempting to determine their possible functions.

Since the 1980s, there has been an increasing international interest in Harappan archaeology. Collaborative efforts between specialists from the subcontinent and abroad have taken place at Harappa and Mohenjodaro. By utilizing modern scientific techniques, including surface exploration, experts investigate traces of clay, stone, metal, and plant and animal remains. Every available piece of evidence is meticulously analyzed. These ongoing explorations hold the promise of yielding intriguing results in the future.