The correct answer is Option (1)- Lysosome
The membrane-bound cell organelle that serves as the cell's digestive system, allowing the degradation and digestion of materials taken from outside the cell as well as obsolete components of the cell, is called the lysosome.
Explanation:
- Lysosome: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down various molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They play a crucial role in intracellular digestion, waste removal, and recycling of cellular components. Lysosomes fuse with vesicles containing materials to be digested, forming digestive vacuoles where enzymatic breakdown occurs. They are often referred to as the "garbage disposals" or "digestive bags" of the cell.
- Peroxisome: Peroxisomes are also membrane-bound organelles but contain enzymes that primarily break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances such as hydrogen peroxide. They are involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense.
- Glyoxysome: Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plant cells, particularly in germinating seeds. They contain enzymes involved in the conversion of stored lipids into carbohydrates during seed germination, providing energy for seedling growth until photosynthesis begins.
- Polysome: Polysomes are not organelles but rather clusters of ribosomes bound to messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules during protein synthesis. They are involved in the translation of genetic information into proteins and are not responsible for intracellular digestion or waste removal.
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