Who proposed a policy of pacification to make the Paharia chiefs responsible for the proper conduct of their men in the last decades of the 18th century?

Augustus Cleveland

The correct answer is Option 2 - Augustus Cleveland

Augustus Cleveland proposed a policy of pacification to make the Paharia chiefs responsible for the proper conduct of their men in the last decades of the 18th century.

In the 1770s the British embarked on a brutal policy of extermination, hunting the Paharias down and killing them. Then, by the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, the Collector of Bhagalpur, proposed a policy of pacification. Paharia chiefs were given an annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of their men. They were expected to maintain order in their localities and discipline their own people. Many Paharia chiefs refused the allowances. Those who accepted, most often lost authority within the community. Being in the pay of the colonial government, they came to be perceived as subordinate employees or stipendiary chiefs.