Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is option (4) : (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

* Effectiveness- Achieving Target within time. Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals. In other words, it is concerned with the end result.

* Efficiency- Achieving target at minimum cost. Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost. There is a kind of cost-benefit analysis involved and the relationship between inputs and outputs. If by using less resources (i.e., the inputs) more benefits are derived (i.e., the outputs) then efficiency has increased. Efficiency is also increased when for the same benefit or outputs, fewer resources are used and less costs are incurred.

* Operational Management- Supervisor. Foremen and supervisors comprise the lower level in the hierarchy of the organisation. Lower level management is also called operational management. Supervisors directly oversee the efforts of the workforce. Their authority and responsibility is limited according to the plans drawn by the top management. Supervisory management plays a very important role in the organisation since they interact with the actual workforce and pass on instructions of the middle management to the workers.

* Co-ordination- Essence of Management. Coordination is the force that binds all the other functions of management. It is the common thread that runs through all activities such as purchase, production, sales, and finance to ensure continuity in the working of the organisation. Coordination is sometimes considered a separate function of management. It is however, the essence of management, for achieving harmony among individual efforts towards the accomplishment of group goals. Each managerial function is an exercise contributing individually to coordination. Coordination is implicit and inherent in all functions of an organisation.