The conversion of forest policy in Assam during Colonial period from one of laissez faire into one of active intervention took place because of ______.

Demand for railway sleepers

The correct answer is Option (1) → Demand for railway sleepers

The demand for railway sleepers was a significant factor driving the colonial administration to intervene more actively in forest management in Assam. The construction of railways required large quantities of timber, leading to increased logging and exploitation of forest resources, which necessitated a shift in forest policy towards active intervention and regulation.