Match List-I with List-II
| List-I (Concept) | List-II (Explanation) | ||
| (A) | Sanskritisation | (I) | Dominance of non-sanskritic groups. |
| (B) | Westernisation | (II) | Lower castes adopt the customs of upper castes. |
| (C) | De-sanskritisation | (III) | Reduced importance of religion in public life. |
| (D) | Secularisation | (IV) | Groups adopt British culture and education. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
(A) Sanskritisation — this matches (II) Lower castes adopt the customs of upper castes. Sanskritisation is the process by which members of a (usually middle or lower) caste try to raise their status by adopting the ritual, domestic and social practices of castes of higher status.
(B) Westernisation — this matches (IV) Groups adopt British culture and education. Srinivas defines westernisation as the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, in technology, institutions, ideology and values.
(C) De-sanskritisation — this matches (I) Dominance of non-sanskritic groups. In regions where the non-Sanskritic castes were dominant, it was their influence that was stronger, and this is termed de-Sanskritisation.
(D) Secularisation — this matches (III) Reduced importance of religion in public life. In the modern west, secularisation has usually meant a process of decline in the influence of religion.
NCERT (2025-26): “Sanskritisation … The term sanskritisation was coined by M.N. Srinivas. It may be briefly defined as the process by which a ‘low’ caste or tribe or other group takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs, ideology and style of life of a high and, in particular, a ‘twice-born (dwija) caste’.…” “Sanskritisation … In those areas where a highly Sanskritised caste was dominant, the culture of the entire region underwent a certain amount of Sanskritisation. In regions where the non-Sanskritic castes were dominant, it was their influence that was stronger. This can be termed the process of ‘de-Sanskritisation’.…” “Westernisation … You have already read about our western colonial past. You have seen how it often brought about changes that were paradoxical and strange. M.N. Srinivas defines westernisation as ‘the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, the term subsuming changes occurring at different levels…technology, institutions, ideology and values’.…” “Modernisation and Secularisation … In the modern west, secularisation has usually meant a process of decline in the influence of religion. It has been an assumption of all theorists of modernisation that modern societies become increasingly secular. Indicators of secularisation have referred to levels of involvement with religious organisations, the social and material influence of religious organisations, and the degree to which people hold religious beliefs.…” |