Match List I with List II LIST ILIST IIA.Behaviour therapyI.Unresolve…

Read the case study and answer the five questions that follow:

Nikita and Ritika are twins. Nikita is intelligent, friendly and popular among her friends. Ritika is shy, withdrawn and feels inferior to her sister. As a child, she felt her parents neglected her and was deeply hurt when they made comparisons. As she grew, these feelings of rejection were reinforced when teachers made statements like, "Look how well Nikita is doing! Why can't you be like her?" Ritika's feelings of rejection only strengthened with time. With the passage of time, Ritika was convinced that she is not good enough and would always be a failure in life.

Match List I with List II

LIST I		LIST II
A.	Behaviour therapy	I.	Unresolved childhood fears
B.	Psychodynamic therapy	II.	feelings of loneliness and alienation
C.	Existential therapy	III.	faulty learning
D.	Cognitive therapy	IV.	faulty thinking

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Each therapy places the cause of a psychological problem in a different place, and the four items of List II are those causes.

(A) Behaviour therapy — this matches (III) faulty learning. Behaviour therapies hold that psychological problems arise from faulty learning of behaviours and cognitions, that is, from faulty conditioning patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviour.

(B) Psychodynamic therapy — this matches (I) unresolved childhood fears. Here the source of the problem is an intrapsychic conflict, and such conflicts come from unfulfilled desires of childhood and unresolved childhood fears.

(C) Existential therapy — this matches (II) feelings of loneliness and alienation. Existential therapy places importance on the present: the current feelings of loneliness, alienation and a sense of futility of one’s existence cause the problem.

(D) Cognitive therapy — this matches (IV) faulty thinking. Cognitive therapies locate the cause of psychological distress in irrational thoughts and beliefs, and treatment challenges these faulty thinking patterns.

NCERT (2025-26): “Type of Therapies … Psychodynamic therapy is of the view that intrapsychic conflicts, i.e. the conflicts that are present within the psyche of the person, are the source of psychological problems. According to behaviour therapies, psychological problems arise due to faulty learning of behaviours and cognitions. The existential therapies postulate that the questions about the meaning of one’s life and existence are the cause of psychological problems.

2. How did the cause come into existence? In the psychodynamic therapy, unfulfilled desires of childhood and unresolved childhood fears lead to intrapsychic conflicts. The behaviour therapy postulates that faulty conditioning patterns, faulty learning, and faulty thinking and beliefs lead to maladaptive behaviours that, in turn, lead to psychological problems. The existential therapy places importance on the present. It is the current feelings of loneliness, alienation, sense of futility of one’s existence, etc., which cause psychological problems.…”

“Cognitive Therapy … Cognitive therapies locate the cause of psychological distress in irrational thoughts and beliefs. Albert Ellis formulated the Rational Emotive Therapy (RET).…”