The ‘four Ds’ of abnormality are deviance, distress, dysfunction and __________.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Danger
Most definitions of psychological disorders share four features, the ‘four Ds’: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger. Disorders are deviant (different, extreme, unusual), distressing (unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others), dysfunctional (interfering with daily activities) and possibly dangerous to the person or to others.
NCERT (2025-26): “Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders … Still, most definitions have certain common features, often called the ‘four Ds’: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger. That is, psychological disorders are deviant (different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre), distressing (unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others), dysfunctional (interfering with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way), and possibly dangerous (to the person or to others).…” |