In which Year Gorbachev became the President of the USSR and begins the reforms process there?

1985

The correct answer is option (1) - 1985

Mikhail Gorbachev, who assumed the role of the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, is renowned for ushering in a transformative era characterized by innovative economic and political reforms encapsulated in "perestroika" (restructuring) and "glasnost" (openness). Perestroika was a series of economic and political reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union during the 1980s, aimed at restructuring and revitalizing the Soviet economy and political system. His leadership marked a pivotal shift in the Cold War dynamic, as he actively worked to halt the arms race with the United States and initiated the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and Eastern Europe. His legacy is also associated with the eventual disintegration of the Soviet Union, a development that carries mixed evaluations of his leadership.