In the conversation between Bhrigu and Bharadwaj in the Epic Mahabharata, what does Bhrigu quote as the identity for difference in caste.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Skin color
In the Mahabharata, Bhrigu tells Bharadvaja that caste division relates to differences in physical attributes of human beings, reflected in skin colour. Bharadvaja answers that skin colour varies within every caste, and asks how there can be caste differences when all are affected by desire, anger, fear and hunger alike.
Note: The chapter ‘The Story of Indian Democracy’ of the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023, has been renamed ‘The Constitution and Social Change’ in the NCERT book (2025-26). Its Box 3.1 ‘The tradition of questioning’, with the conversation of Bhrigu and Bharadvaja, has been deleted, though the chapter is still there.
NCERT: Social Change and Development in India — Chapter 3: The Story of Indian Democracy, Box 3.1 (Pre-rationalised)
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