Which chemical element does ‘Fe’ stand for in the science periodic table?

Iron

The correct answer is option 4. Iron.

Iron, represented by the chemical symbol 'Fe' in the periodic table, is a metallic element with the atomic number 26. Here's an explanation of iron:

1. Properties:  Iron is a transition metal that is known for its lustrous, silver-gray appearance. It is relatively soft and malleable, yet it is also strong and durable. Iron is ferromagnetic, meaning it can be magnetized and exhibits magnetic properties.

2. Abundance: Iron is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and is found in various minerals and ores, primarily hematite \((Fe_2O_3)\) and magnetite \((Fe_3O_4)\). It constitutes a significant portion of the Earth's core and mantle, as well as in terrestrial crustal rocks and minerals.

3. Uses:  Iron has numerous industrial, commercial, and technological applications. It is a vital component in the production of steel, which is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel is widely used in construction, transportation, machinery, appliances, and infrastructure. Iron is also used in the manufacturing of various other alloys, and cast iron products, and in the production of iron compounds for pharmaceuticals and chemical processes.

4. Biological Importance:  Iron is an essential micronutrient for living organisms, playing a crucial role in biological processes such as oxygen transport in hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells), electron transfer in cellular respiration and metabolism, and enzyme catalysis. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia and other health problems.

5. History: Iron has been used by humans for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations. It played a significant role in the development of early tools, weapons, and infrastructure, such as iron swords, plows, and bridges. The Iron Age, a period characterized by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, marked a significant milestone in human history.

In summary, iron is a versatile and indispensable element with a wide range of applications in industry, technology, and biology. Its abundance, strength, and diverse properties make it a fundamental component of modern civilization.