Which ecologist’s research provided revolutionary new insights into how energy and nutrients move through the ecosystems?

Raymond L Lindeman

The correct answer is Option (4) - Raymond L Lindeman

The ecologist whose research provided revolutionary new insights into how energy and nutrients move through ecosystems is: Raymond L. Lindeman

Raymond L. Lindeman's research in the mid-20th century, particularly his seminal paper "The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology," published in 1942, contributed significantly to our understanding of energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Lindeman's work emphasized the importance of studying ecosystems as dynamic systems of energy transfer and highlighted the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in nutrient cycling and energy flow through trophic levels. His research laid the groundwork for modern ecological studies on food webs, energy pyramids, and ecosystem dynamics.