Identify the kind of verb form underlined in the sentence:
Having watered all the plants in the courtyard, Dadaji sat down with his morning newspaper.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Perfect participle
“Having watered” is “having” + “watered”. Dadaji first watered the plants, and then he sat down.
| Option | Form and use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| (1) Perfect participle (answer) | “having” + the past participle (V3) of a verb; it shows an action finished before the next action began | Having finished her homework, Riya went out to play. |
| (2) Present participle | the plain -ing form (watering); it shows an action going on at the same time as the main action | Humming an old song, Meera swept the floor. |
| (3) Gerund | an -ing word used as a noun, as the subject or object of a verb. “Having watered” is neither. It tells us about Dadaji | Gardening keeps my grandfather fit. |
| (4) Infinitive | “to” + the base form of a verb (to water). There is no “to” here | Dadaji wants to plant a mango tree. |