Match List I with List II
| LIST I (Change) | LIST II (Impact) | ||
| (A) | Colonial capitalism | (I) | Exploitative and harsh working conditions for native labourers. |
| (B) | British Industrialisation | (II) | Nearby villages were either uprooted or the land was partially acquired. |
| (C) | Tea Industry | (III) | Rise of cities like Calcutta and Bombay. |
| (D) | Rise of industrial towns | (IV) | De-industrialisation of old urban centers in India. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(A) Colonial capitalism — this matches (III) Rise of cities like Calcutta and Bombay. Cities had a key role in the economic system of the empire. Coastal cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai were favoured, because primary commodities could be exported from them and manufactured goods cheaply imported; they were the link between the core in Britain and the periphery in colonised India.
(B) British Industrialisation — this matches (IV) De-industrialisation of old urban centers in India. The very same British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some sectors of India and the decline of old urban centres: cotton and silk exports fell before Manchester competition, and cities such as Surat and Masulipatnam declined.
(C) Tea Industry — this matches (I) Exploitative and harsh working conditions for native labourers. The colonial government used unfair means to hire and forcibly keep labourers on the tea gardens and took harsh measures against them so that the British planters benefited.
(D) Rise of industrial towns — this matches (II) Nearby villages were either uprooted or the land was partially acquired. When an industrial town like Bhilai comes up in the midst of villages, some villages are totally uprooted while the lands of others are partially acquired.
NCERT (2025-26): “The Colonial Experience … In India the impact of the very same British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some sectors, and decline of old urban centres. Just as manufacturing boomed in Britain, traditional exports of cotton and silk manufactures from India declined in the face of Manchester competition. This period also saw the further decline of cities such as Surat and Masulipatnam while Bombay and Madras grew.…” “Cities had a key role in the economic system of empires. Coastal cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai were favoured. From here primary commodities could be easily exported and manufactured goods could be cheaply imported. Colonial cities were the prime link between the economic centre or core in Britain and periphery or margins in colonised India.…” “…We cannot go into details about different industries here. We simply take the case of the tea industry in Tea garden India as an example. Official reports show how the colonial government often used unfair means to hire and forcibly keep labourers. And clearly acted on behalf of the British planters. From fictional and other accounts we get a glimpse of what life was for planters in this industry.…” “…Significantly the colonial administrators were clear that harsh measures were taken against the labourers to make sure they benefited the planters. They were also fully aware that the laws of a colonised country did not have to stick to the democratic norms that the British back home had to follow in Britain.”
Box 1.7 (M.S.A. Rao on the kinds of urban impact on villages) |
