Consider the following statements about the concept of balance:(A) It…

Consider the following statements about the concept of balance:

(A) It is sometimes described in the form of the P-O-X triangle.
(B) The triangle represents the relationships between three aspects or components of the attitude.
(C) A study of how Ajay, his friend Rahul and their classmate Vikram feel about one another can be shown as a P-O-X triangle.
(D) The concept of balance was proposed by Leon Festinger.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A, B and C only

(A) It is sometimes described in the form of the P-O-X triangle. — Correct. The concept of balance is shown as the P-O-X triangle.

(B) The triangle represents the relationships between three aspects or components of the attitude. — Correct. The triangle shows the relationships between three aspects of the attitude: P, O and X.

(C) A study of how Ajay, his friend Rahul and their classmate Vikram feel about one another can be shown as a P-O-X triangle. — Correct. X is usually a topic, but all three can be persons. Ajay, Rahul and Vikram can fill P, O and X.

(D) The concept of balance was proposed by Leon Festinger. — Incorrect. The concept of balance was proposed by Fritz Heider. Leon Festinger is linked with cognitive dissonance, another idea of attitude change.

NCERT (2026-27): “Process of Attitude Change …
(a) The concept of balance, proposed by Fritz Heider is sometimes described in the form of the ‘P-O-X’ triangle, which represents the relationships between three aspects or components of the attitude. P is the person whose attitude is being studied, O is another person, and X is the topic towards which the attitude is being studied (attitude object). It is also possible that all three are persons.”