Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was developed by _________.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Hathaway and McKinley
Hathaway and McKinley developed the MMPI as a helping tool for psychiatric diagnosis; it has since been found very effective in identifying varieties of psychopathology.
Option (1) Dollard and Miller — these names are linked with research on frustration and aggression, not with building a personality inventory.
Option (2) Morgan and Murray — they developed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a projective test of picture cards.
Option (4) Costa and McCrae — Paul Costa and Robert McCrae found the Big Five factors of personality (Five-Factor Model).
NCERT (2025-26): “The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) … This inventory is widely used as a test in personality assessment. Hathaway and McKinley developed this test as a helping tool for psychiatric diagnosis, but the test has been found very effective in identifying varieties of psychopathology. Its revised version is available as MMPI-2. It consists of 567 statements. The subject has to judge each statement as ‘true’ or ‘false’ for her/ him. The test is divided into 10 subscales, which seek to diagnose hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, masculinity-femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, mania and social introversion.…” |