Health and diseases
Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Health is not just the absence of disease. It is a state of complete physical, mental, social and psychological well-being. Diseases like typhoid, cholera, pneumonia, fungal infections of skin, malaria and many others are a major cause of distress to human beings. When the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, characterised by appearance of various signs and symptoms, we say that we are not healthy, i.e., we have a disease. Our immune system plays the major role in preventing these diseases when we are exposed to disease-causing agents. Immune system has memory. On subsequent exposure to same pathogen, the immune response is rapid and more intense. This forms the basis of protection afforded by vaccination and immunisation. Among other diseases, AIDS and cancer kill a large number of individuals worldwide. Many cancers are curable if detected early and appropriate therapeutic measures are taken.
CMI stands for -
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Cell-mediated immunity
Our acquired immune response has two types. One is antibody-mediated. The second is the cell-mediated immune response, or cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The T-lymphocytes mediate it.
(1) Cell-moderated immunity — Incorrect. No such term exists. The cells mediate the response. They do not moderate it.
(2) Cell-mediated immunity — Correct. This is the full form of CMI.
(3) Cyto-mediated immunity — Incorrect. No such term is used.
(4) Cell-mediated infection — Incorrect. CMI is an immune response, not an infection.
Note: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.
NCERT Extract:
Acquired Immunity – “… Because these antibodies are found in the blood, the response is also called as humoral immune response. This is one of the two types of our acquired immune response – antibody mediated. The second type is called cell-mediated immune response or cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The T-lymphocytes mediate CMI.”