Match List-I with List-II
| List-I | List-II |
| (Philosophies of Marketing Management) | (Description) |
| (A) The Production Concept | (I) The basic role of a firm is to ‘identify a need and fill it’ |
| (B) The Product Concept | (II) The emphasis of the firms shifted from quantity of production to quality of products |
| (C) The Selling Concept | (III) Availability and affordability of the product were considered to be the key to the success of a firm. |
| (D) The Marketing Concept | (IV) The focus of business firms shifted to pushing the sale of products through aggressive selling techniques |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
(A) The Production Concept — this matches (III) Availability and affordability of the product were considered to be the key to the success of a firm. In the early days goods were scarce. So firms focused on producing more at lower cost, and anything made could be sold.
(B) The Product Concept — this matches (II) The emphasis of the firms shifted from quantity of production to quality of products. Once supply grew, buyers began to choose, and firms tried to win them with better quality and features.
(C) The Selling Concept — this matches (IV) The focus of business firms shifted to pushing the sale of products through aggressive selling techniques. With many sellers competing, firms believed buyers would not buy enough unless persuaded.
(D) The Marketing Concept — this matches (I) The basic role of a firm is to ‘identify a need and fill it’. Here the firm starts from the customer’s needs and makes what satisfies them, instead of selling whatever it has made.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “The Production Concept … It was also assumed that consumers would favour those products which were widely available at an affordable price. Thus, availability and affordability of the product were considered to be the key to the success of a firm. …” “The Product Concept … Therefore, the emphasis of the firms shifted from quantity of production to quality of products. …” “The Selling Concept … Therefore, firms must undertake aggressive selling and promotional efforts to make customers buy their products. …” “The Marketing Concept Marketing orientation implies that focus on satisfaction of customer’s needs is the key to the success of any organisation in the market. …” |