Cutting back on Debt.
Learning how to manage debt is what can put you ahead. Taking on the right amount of debt can mean the difference between a business struggling to survive and one that can respond nimbly to changing economic or market conditions. A number of circumstances may justify acquiring debt. As a general rule, borrowing makes the most sense when you need to bolster cash flow or finance growth or expansion. But while debt can provide the leverage you need to grow, too much debt can strangle your business. So the question is: How much debt is too much? The answer, experts say, lies in a careful analysis of your cash flow as well as your industry. A business that doesn’t grow dies. You’ve got to grow, but you’ve got to grow within the financial constraints of your business. What is the ideal capital structure a business needs in its industry to remain viable? The higher the volatility (in your industry), the less debt you should have. The smaller the volatility, the more debt you can afford. Although banks and other financial institutions look for a satisfactory debt-to-equity ratio before agreeing to make a loan, don’t assume a creditor’s willingness to extend funds is evidence that your business is in a strong debt position. Some financial institutions are overzealous lenders, particularly when trying to lure or hold on to promising business customers. “The bank may be looking more at collateral than whether the (business’s) earnings are going to come in to justify the debt service. To avoid these and other credit pitfalls, it’s up to you to get the financial facts on your business and make sound borrowing decisions. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs fail to recognise how important financial analysis is to running a successful business.
__________ refers to the mix between equity and debt.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Capital Structure
Option (1) Financial Risk — Incorrect. Financial risk is the chance that a business cannot meet its fixed payments of interest and loan. It rises as the share of debt rises, but it is not the mix itself.
Option (2) Capital Structure — Correct. Capital structure is the mix of owners’ funds (equity) and borrowed funds (debt). Deciding this mix is the financing decision.
Option (3) Interest Coverage Ratio — Incorrect. This ratio shows how many times the earnings before interest and tax cover the interest to be paid. It is a factor that affects capital structure.
Option (4) Cost of Equity — Incorrect. This is the return shareholders expect on their money. It too is only a factor in choosing the mix.
Note: The passage is the NCERT box ‘Cutting Back on Debt’ from the chapter Financial Management, which has been reproduced by NTA in the exam.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Capital Structure … Capital structure refers to the mix between owners and borrowed funds. These shall be referred as equity and debt in the subsequent text. …” |