"Informal organisation is a network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organisation but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another."
Who gave the above definition?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Keith Davis
Note: NCERT misspells two of the names in the options. It prints ‘Chester Barnand’ for Chester Barnard and ‘Theo Haimman’ for Theo Haimann. NTA copied both spellings into the options.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition):
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