Kolkhoz is an example of which of the following?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → Collective farming

Option (1) Market Gardening — Incorrect. It grows high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers for urban markets; it says nothing about who owns the land.

Option (2) Truck Farming — Incorrect. It is the growing of vegetables only within an overnight truck run of the market, not a Soviet model of ownership.

Option (3) Co-operative farming — Incorrect. Farmers pool resources voluntarily while their individual farms remain intact, unlike the socially owned kolkhoz.

Option (4) Collective farming — Correct. Collective farming rests on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. Its model, the kolkhoz, was introduced in the erstwhile Soviet Union to raise production; farmers pooled their land, livestock and labour.

Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2025 on 21-05-2025 (Slot 1).

NCERT (2025-26): “Collective Farming … The basic principle behind this types of farming is based on social ownership of the means of production and collective labour. Collective farming or the model of Kolkhoz was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture and to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency. The farmers used to pool in all their resources like land, livestock and labour. However, they were allowed to retain very small plots to grow crops in order to meet their daily requirements.”

“Co-operative Farming … A group of farmers form a co-operative society by pooling in their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming.…”

“Market Gardening and Horticulture … Market gardening and horticulture specialise in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets.…”

“Market Gardening and Horticulture … The regions where farmers specialise in vegetables only, the farming is know as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.…”