Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I Sacred Words | List-II Meanings | ||
| (A) | Gurbani | (I) | Upside-down Sayings |
| (B) | Sangat | (II) | Sayings |
| (C) | Ulatbansi | (III) | Congregational Worship |
| (D) | Vachanas | (IV) | Spiritual Hymns |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
(A) Gurbani — this matches (IV) Spiritual Hymns. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of Baba Guru Nanak, his successors and poets like Baba Farid, Raidas and Kabir in the Adi Granth Sahib; these hymns are called “gurbani”.
(B) Sangat — this matches (III) Congregational Worship. Baba Guru Nanak organised his followers into a community and set up rules for congregational worship (sangat) involving collective recitation.
(C) Ulatbansi — this matches (I) Upside-down Sayings. Some of Kabir’s poems, known as ulatbansi (upside-down sayings), are written so that everyday meanings are inverted, such as “the lotus which blooms without flower”.
(D) Vachanas — this matches (II) Sayings. The Virashaiva tradition is known from vachanas (literally, sayings) composed in Kannada by the women and men who joined the movement.
NCERT (2025-26): “8.2 Baba Guru Nanak and the Sacred Word … The fifth preceptor, Guru Arjan, compiled Baba Guru Nanak’s hymns along with those of his four successors and other religious poets like Baba Farid, Ravidas (also known as Raidas) and Kabir in the Adi Granth Sahib. These hymns, called ‘gurbani’, are composed in various languages.… 8.2 Baba Guru Nanak and the Sacred Word … Baba Guru Nanak organised his followers into a community. He set up rules for congregational worship (sangat ) involving collective recitation.… 8.1 Weaving a divine fabric: Kabir … Kabir’s poems have survived in several languages and dialects; and some are composed in the special language of nirguna poets, the sant bhasha. Others, known as ulatbansi (upside-down sayings), are written in a form in which everyday meanings are inverted. These hint at the difficulties of capturing the nature of the Ultimate Reality in words: expressions such as ‘the lotus which blooms without flower’ or the ‘fire raging in the ocean’ convey a sense of Kabir’s mystical experiences.… 3. The Virashaiva Tradition in Karnataka … The Lingayats also encouraged certain practices disapproved in the Dharmashastras, such as post-puberty marriage and the remarriage of widows. Our understanding of the Virashaiva tradition is derived from vachanas (literally, sayings) composed in Kannada by women and men who joined the movement.” |