Even after independence, the condition of adivasis has not improved because of:
A. Government monopoly over forests
B. Capital Intensive Industrialisation
C. Formation of new states with high tribal population
D. Subjugating Adivasis and alienating the resources
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A, B, D only
A. Government monopoly over forests Correct. After the Independence of India in 1947 the government’s monopoly over forests continued, so the colonial loss of forest rights, the mainstay of adivasi livelihoods, was not undone.
B. Capital Intensive Industrialisation Correct. The policy of capital-intensive industrialisation needed mineral resources and power-generation capacities that were concentrated in adivasi areas. Adivasi lands were rapidly acquired for new mining and dam projects, and millions were displaced without appropriate compensation or rehabilitation.
C. Formation of new states with high tribal population Incorrect. This was a gain, not a cause of their poor condition. The attainment of statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh is counted among the most significant achievements of adivasi movements after Independence.
D. Subjugating Adivasis and alienating the resources Correct. Justified in the name of ‘national development’, these policies were also a form of internal colonialism, subjugating adivasis and alienating the resources upon which they depended.
NCERT (2025-26): “Adivasi Struggles … After the Independence of India in 1947 the government’s monopoly over forests continued. The policy of capital-intensive industrialisation adopted by the Indian government required mineral resources and power-generation capacities which were concentrated in Adivasi areas. Adivasi lands were rapidly acquired for new mining and dam projects. In the process, millions of adivasis were displaced without any appropriate compensation or rehabilitation.…” “Adivasi Struggles … were also a form of internal colonialism, subjugating adivasis and alienating the resources upon which they depended. Projects such as the Sardar Sarovar dam on the river Narmada in Western India and the Polavaram dam on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh displaced hundreds of thousands of adivasis from their original habitats.…” “Adivasi Struggles … In spite of the heavy odds against them and in the face of their marginalisation many tribal groups have been waging struggles against outsiders (called ‘dikus’) and the state. In post-Independence India, the most significant achievements of Adivasi movements include the attainment of statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh, which were originally part of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh respectively.…” |