Read the passage and answer the following question:
Smoking also paves the way to hard drugs. Tobacco has been used by human beings for more than 400 years. It is smoked, chewed or used as a snuff. Tobacco contains a large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an alkaloid. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood circulation, both of which raise blood pressure and increase heart rate. Smoking is associated with increased incidence of cancers of lung, urinary bladder and throat, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, etc. Tobacco chewing is associated with increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity. Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood and reduces the concentration of haem-bound oxygen. This causes oxygen deficiency in the body. Knowing the dangers of smoking and chewing tobacco, and its addictive nature, the youth and old need to avoid these habits. Any addict requires counselling and medical help to get rid of the habit.
Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I Drug | List-II Effect / use |
|---|---|
| A. Heroin | I. Very effective sedative and painkiller |
| B. Cocaine | II. Depressant that slows down body functions |
| C. Cannabinoids | III. Known for effects on the cardiovascular system |
| D. Morphine | IV. Potent stimulating action on the central nervous system |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
Drugs differ in the way they act on the body. Some slow the body down, some excite the nervous system, and some act mainly on the heart and blood vessels. Heroin is made from morphine, yet the two are known for different things.
(A) Heroin — this matches (II) Depressant that slows down body functions. Heroin (smack) is diacetylmorphine, obtained by acetylation of morphine. It is generally taken by snorting and injection.
(B) Cocaine — this matches (IV) Potent stimulating action on the central nervous system. Cocaine (coke or crack) interferes with the transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine and produces a sense of euphoria and increased energy.
(C) Cannabinoids — this matches (III) Known for effects on the cardiovascular system. They are generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, as marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.
(D) Morphine — this matches (I) Very effective sedative and painkiller. It is extracted from the latex of the poppy plant and is very useful for patients who have undergone surgery.
NCERT Extract:
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – “… Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions.”
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – “… Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa (Figure 7.10). The flower tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular system of the body.”
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – “… Cocaine, commonly called coke or crack is usually snorted. It has a potent stimulating action on central nervous system, producing a sense of euphoria and increased energy.”
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – “… Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.”
Figure 7.10 Leaves of Cannabis sativa