The process of controlling involves which of the following steps?

(A) Setting performance standards

(B) Measurement of actual performance

(C) Comparison of actual performance with standards

(D) Analysis of deviations and taking corrective action.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B), (C) and (D)

The correct answer is option 3- (A), (B), (C) and (D).

All are the steps of controlling process.

Controlling is a systematic process involving the following steps.

1. Setting performance standards- : The first step in the controlling process is setting up of performance standards. Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Thus, standards serve as benchmarks towards which an organisation strives to work.

2. Measurement of actual performance- Once performance standards are set, the next step is measurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. There are several techniques for measurement of performance.

3. Comparison of actual performance with standards- This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. Comparison becomes easier when standards are set in quantitative terms.

4. Analysing deviations- Some deviation in performance can be expected in all activities. It is, therefore, important to determine the acceptable range of deviations. Also, deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas.

5. Taking corrective action- The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviations are within acceptable limits. However, when the deviations go beyond the acceptable range, especially in the important areas.