Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Planning is purposeful.
Reason (R): Objectives are usually set by the top management and focus on broad, general issues.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A): Planning is purposeful. — True. Every plan is made to reach specific goals.
Reason (R): Objectives are usually set by the top management and focus on broad, general issues. — True. Objectives are set at the top and serve as a guide for business planning.
Why R does not explain A?
R tells who sets objectives and what they cover. It does not say why plans have a purpose. Planning is purposeful because specific goals are set out in the plans along with the activities to reach them. A plan has no meaning unless it helps reach these goals.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(i) Planning focuses on achieving objectives: Organisations are set up with a general purpose in view. Specific goals are set out in the plans along with the activities to be undertaken to achieve the goals. Thus, planning is purposeful. Planning has no meaning unless it contributes to the achievement of predetermined organisational goals.” “Objectives The first step in planning is setting objectives. Objectives, therefore, can be said to be the desired future position that the management would like to reach. Objectives are very basic to the organisation and they are defined as ends which the management seeks to achieve by its operations. Therefore, an objective simply stated is what you would like to achieve, i.e., the end result of activities. For example, an organisation may have an objective of increasing sales by 10% or earning a reasonable rate of return on investment, earn a 20% profit from business. They represent the end point of planning. All other managerial activities are also directed towards achieving these objectives. They are usually set by top management of the organisation and focus on broad, general issues. …” |