What was the focus of artists like Arpita Singh, Nalini Malani, and Sudhir Patwardhan in their artwork?

Urban problems

The correct answer is option 2: Urban problems

These artists (Arpita Singh, Nalini Malani, and Sudhir Patwardhan) turned their attention to the plight of people living in big cities and painted urban problems.

Figures of people and animals could be seen in the work of printmakers like Jyoti Bhatt (Devi), Laxma Goud (Man Woman, Tree) and Anupam Sud (Of Walls) as a way to show conflict between men and women in a world full of social inequality. Arpita Singh, Nalini Malani, Sudhir Patwardhan and others turned their attention to the plight of people living in big cities. Many of these modern artists painted such urban problems and tried to see the world from the eyes of the oppressed.