There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the options given below.

Assertion: Historically, all over the world it has been found that there are slightly more females than males in most countries. 

Reasoning: Naturally slightly more male babies are born than female ones.

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

The correct answer is Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Assertion: Historically, all over the world it has been found that there are slightly more females than males in most countries. Correct.

Reasoning: Naturally slightly more male babies are born than female ones. Correct.

How the Reason relates to the Assertion: The Reason does not explain the Assertion. In fact, it appears to contradict it. The presence of more females than males in the total population is explained not by birth patterns but by the higher survival rates of females during infancy and their longer life expectancy. Therefore, both statements are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

NCERT: "The sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in a given area at a specified time period. Historically, all over the world it has been found that there are slightly more females than males in most countries. This is despite the fact that, slightly more male babies are born than female ones; nature seems to produce roughly 943 to 952 female babies for every 1000 males. If despite this fact the sex ratio is somewhat in favour of females, this seems to be due to two reasons. First, girl babies appear to have an advantage over boy babies in terms of resistance to disease in infancy. At the other end of the life cycle, women have tended to outlive men in most societies, so that there are more older women than men. The combination of these two factors leads to a sex ratio of roughly 1050 females per 1000 males in most contexts. However, it has been found that the sex ratio has been declining in some countries like China, South Korea and specially India. This phenomenon has been linked to prevailing social norms that tend to value males much more than females, which leads to ‘son preference’ and the relative neglect of girl babies.  ".