Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-II(A)China’s reforms of 1978(I)M…

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I		List-II
(A)	China’s reforms of 1978	(I)	Massive extension of basic health services in rural areas
(B)	Pakistan’s reforms of 1988	(II)	Introduced without any compulsion from the World Bank and the IMF
(C)	India’s reforms of 1991	(III)	Came after the country borrowed from the IMF and the World Bank to set right its balance of payments crisis
(D)	China’s pre-reform period	(IV)	Scholars argue they led to a worsening of all the economic indicators

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)

The three countries began reforms for different reasons, and the reforms had different results.

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) China’s reforms of 1978	(II) Introduced without any compulsion from the World Bank and the IMF	China’s leaders were unhappy with slow growth under Maoist rule and began reforms on their own.
(B) Pakistan’s reforms of 1988	(IV) Scholars argue they led to a worsening of all the economic indicators	Scholars argue that in Pakistan the reform process worsened all the economic indicators.
(C) India’s reforms of 1991	(III) Came after the country borrowed from the IMF and the World Bank to set right its balance of payments crisis	India borrowed from the IMF and World Bank to set right its balance of payments crisis.
(D) China’s pre-reform period	(I) Massive extension of basic health services in rural areas	Basic health services had been extended massively in rural areas before the reforms.

NCERT (2026-27): “8.6 Development Strategies — an Appraisal China did not have any compulsion to introduce reforms as dictated by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to India and Pakistan. The new leadership at that time in China was not happy with the slow pace of growth and lack of modernisation in the Chinese economy under the Maoist rule.”

“8.6 Development Strategies — an Appraisal Before the introduction of reforms, there had already been massive extension of basic health services in rural areas.”

“8.6 Development Strategies — an Appraisal Scholars argue that in Pakistan the reform process led to worsening of all the economic indicators.”

“8.6 Development Strategies — an Appraisal … You will recall that India had to borrow from the IMF and World Bank to set right its balance of payments crisis; …”