Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): A manager who completes the given task, but at a high cost, is effective but not so efficient.
Reason (R): For management, it is important to be both effective and efficient, as they are two sides of the same coin.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A): A manager who completes the given task, but at a high cost, is effective but not so efficient. — True. Completing the task makes the manager effective. The high cost makes him not so efficient.
Reason (R): For management, it is important to be both effective and efficient, as they are two sides of the same coin. — True. Management must be both effective and efficient; the two are two sides of the same coin.
Why R does not explain A?
R states the general aim of every manager. It does not say why this manager falls short. The real reason for A is that more inputs were used for the same output, such as extra labour and electricity, so the cost went up.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Effectiveness versus Efficiency These two terms are different but they are interrelated. For management, it is important to be both effective and efficient. Effectiveness and efficiency are two sides of the same coin. But these two aspects need to be balanced and management at times, has to compromise with efficiency. For example, it is easier to be effective and ignore efficiency i.e., complete the given task but at a high cost. Suppose, a company’s target production is 5000 units in a year. To achieve this target the manager has to operate on double shifts due to power failure most of the time. The manager is able to produce 5000 units but at a higher production cost. In this case, the manager was effective but not so efficient, since for the same output, more inputs (labour cost, electricity costs) were used. …” |