Colonial rule was first established in which part of India?

Bengal

The correct answer is Option (3) → Bengal

Battle of Plassey (1757): The Battle of Plassey, fought in 1757, was a pivotal event in the establishment of British colonial rule in Bengal. The British East India Company, led by Robert Clive, emerged victorious in this battle against the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula. The British gained control over Bengal after this victory, which allowed them to establish a significant foothold in India.

Treaty of Allahabad (1765): Following the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765. Under this treaty, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the British East India Company the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This effectively gave the British control over the revenue collection in these regions, a key aspect of governance.

Bengal as the Economic Hub: Bengal was one of the wealthiest and most economically productive regions in India during this period. The British recognized its economic potential and sought to exploit its resources and agricultural productivity.

Model for Expanding Influence: The successful establishment of British rule in Bengal served as a model for the expansion of British influence and control into other parts of India. The lessons learned and the administrative structures developed in Bengal were applied in other regions as the British East India Company continued to expand its territorial control.

Bengal's strategic importance, the successful military campaigns, and the subsequent treaties and administrative changes in the late 18th century marked the beginning of British colonial rule in India, which eventually extended to various other regions across the subcontinent.

So, the correct option is [3].