Which of the following Amendment restores the powers of State Governments to identify and specify Socially and Economically Backward Class?

105th Amendment

The correct answer is Option (1) → 105th Amendment

The 105th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2021 restores the power of State Governments to identify and specify Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBCs). This was necessary after a Supreme Court judgment in the Maratha reservation case (May 2021) that limited states' powers in this regard.

The amendment clarifies that the President’s list of SEBCs under Article 342A does not prevent states from maintaining their own list for reservation in state government jobs and educational institutions.