Match List I with List II
| LIST-I | LIST-II | ||
| (A) | Agricultural labourers | (I) | Politically and economically powerful landlords |
| (B) | Tenants | (II) | Sufficient or large incomes from cultivation |
| (C) | Zamindars | (III) | Low income and insecure employment |
| (D) | Medium and large landowners | (IV) | Cultivators who lease their land from landowners |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(A) Agricultural labourers — this matches (III) Low income and insecure employment. They are often paid below the statutory minimum wage, most are daily-wage workers, and they have no work for many days of the year.
(B) Tenants — this matches (IV) Cultivators who lease their land from landowners. Because they pay a substantial rent to the landowner, they earn less than owner-cultivators.
(C) Zamindars — this matches (I) Politically and economically powerful landlords. Zamindars were landlords who were also politically powerful in their areas, and the British ruled many areas through them.
(D) Medium and large landowners — this matches (II) Sufficient or large incomes from cultivation. Because access to land shapes the rural class structure, those who own more land usually earn sufficient or even large incomes, though prices and the monsoon can change this.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.1 Agrarian Structure: Caste and Class in Rural India … Access to land largely determines what role one plays in the process of agricultural production. Medium and large landowners are usually able to earn sufficient or even large incomes from cultivation (although this depends on agricultural prices, which can fluctuate greatly, as well as other factors such as the monsoon). But agricultural labourers are more often than not paid below the statutory minimum wage and earn very little. Their incomes are low. Their employment is insecure. Most agricultural labourers are daily-wage workers. And do not have work for many days of the year. This is known as underemployment. Similarly, tenants (cultivators who lease their land from landowners) have lower incomes than owner-cultivators.…” “The Colonial Period … Instead, ruling groups such as the local kings or zamindars (landlords who were also politically powerful in their areas, and usually belonged to Kshatriya or other high castes) controlled the land.…” |