Match the entries of column I with appropriate entries of column II and choose the correct option out of the four options given.

(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

The correct answer is option 1. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii).

Ethylene glycol (Antifreeze):

Mechanism: Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water by disrupting the crystal formation process. This allows car engines to operate even in sub-zero temperatures without the water freezing and potentially cracking components.

Properties: Colorless, odorless, slightly sweet liquid. Miscible with water in all proportions. Toxic if ingested.

Additional uses: Deicing fluids, heat transfer fluids, anti-icing agents.

Ethanol (Solvent and Fuel):

Solvent: Ethanol dissolves various organic substances, making it valuable in perfumes, paints, cleaners, and pharmaceuticals.

Fuel: Ethanol can be used as a renewable fuel source in cars, blended with gasoline or used in its pure form (bioethanol).

Other uses: Disinfectant, food additive, antiseptic.

Methanol (Wood Spirit):

Toxicity: Methanol is highly poisonous if ingested or inhaled. Even small amounts can cause blindness or death.

Limited uses: Due to its toxicity, methanol has restricted applications. It can be used in some chemical synthesis processes and as a fuel blend in specific cases.

Historical significance: Historically, methanol was obtained from wood, earning its name "wood spirit." Today, it is primarily produced from natural gas or coal.

Glycerol (Humectant and Byproduct):

Humectant: Glycerin attracts and retains moisture, making it beneficial in cosmetics, soaps, and lotions.

Byproduct: Glycerin is obtained as a byproduct of fat breakdown during soap production.

Other uses: Food additive, sweetener, laxative (in high doses).