Match the entries of column I with appropriate entries of column II a…

The correct answer is option 1. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii).

Column I	Column II
(a) Antifreeze used in car engine	(ii) Ethylene glycol
(b) Solvent used in perfumes	(i) Ethanol
(c) Wood spirit	(iv) Methanol
(d) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics	(iii) Glycerol

Ethylene glycol (Antifreeze):

Mechanism: Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water by disrupting the crystal formation process. This allows car engines to operate even in sub-zero temperatures without the water freezing and potentially cracking components.

Properties: Colorless, odorless, slightly sweet liquid. Miscible with water in all proportions. Toxic if ingested.

Additional uses: Deicing fluids, heat transfer fluids, anti-icing agents.

Ethanol (Solvent and Fuel):

Solvent: Ethanol dissolves various organic substances, making it valuable in perfumes, paints, cleaners, and pharmaceuticals.

Fuel: Ethanol can be used as a renewable fuel source in cars, blended with gasoline or used in its pure form (bioethanol).

Other uses: Disinfectant, food additive, antiseptic.

Methanol (Wood Spirit):

Toxicity: Methanol is highly poisonous if ingested or inhaled. Even small amounts can cause blindness or death.

Limited uses: Due to its toxicity, methanol has restricted applications. It can be used in some chemical synthesis processes and as a fuel blend in specific cases.

Historical significance: Historically, methanol was obtained from wood, earning its name "wood spirit." Today, it is primarily produced from natural gas or coal.

Glycerol (Humectant and Byproduct):

Humectant: Glycerin attracts and retains moisture, making it beneficial in cosmetics, soaps, and lotions.

Byproduct: Glycerin is obtained as a byproduct of fat breakdown during soap production.

Other uses: Food additive, sweetener, laxative (in high doses).