Which law of physics states that the force between the two electric charges reduces to a quarter of its former value when the distance between them is doubled?

Coulomb’s Law

The correct answer is option 3. Coulomb’s Law.

The law of physics that describes the force between two electric charges and states that the force decreases to a quarter of its former value when the distance between them is doubled is known as Coulomb's Law.

Coulomb's Law is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism and describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles. Mathematically, Coulomb's Law is represented as:

\[ F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \]

Where:

\( F \) is the electrostatic force between the charges.

\( k \) is Coulomb's constant, a proportionality constant.

\( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) are the magnitudes of the charges.

\( r \) is the distance between the charges

According to Coulomb's Law, the force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. So, if the distance between the charges is doubled, the force becomes one-fourth of its original value.

Therefore, the correct answer is Coulomb’s Law.