Which petroleum product used for surfacing of road?

Bituminous

The correct answer is option 4. Bituminous.

Bituminous materials, derived from crude oil refining, are commonly used for surfacing roads. Bitumen, also known as asphalt, is the main component of bituminous materials and is used as a binder in road construction. Here's an explanation of how bituminous materials are used for road surfacing:

1. Bitumen Composition:

Bitumen is a viscous, black, and sticky liquid or semi-solid substance obtained from the distillation of crude oil. It contains hydrocarbons and other compounds that provide the necessary adhesive properties for road construction.

2. Road Surfacing:

Bituminous materials are extensively used for surfacing roads due to their excellent adhesive and waterproofing properties. Bitumen is mixed with aggregates like crushed stone, gravel, or sand to create asphalt concrete, commonly known as asphalt. The asphalt mixture is laid and compacted to form a durable and smooth road surface.

3. Advantages of Bituminous Roads:

Bituminous roads offer good skid resistance, which is crucial for vehicle safety. They are relatively quick to construct compared to other types of road surfaces. Bituminous materials provide flexibility, allowing the road to withstand minor movements and deformations without significant damage.

4. Maintenance and Resurfacing:

Over time, bituminous roads may undergo wear and tear due to traffic loads, weathering, and other factors. Maintenance activities, such as sealing cracks and applying a new layer of bituminous material, can extend the life of the road surface.

In summary, bituminous materials, primarily bitumen, play a key role in road construction for their adhesive and flexible properties. Bituminous roads are common worldwide due to their durability and ease of construction and maintenance.