What does the term "stupa" mean in Sanskrit?

1) Temple
2) Monument
3) Heap
4) Pillar

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

3

The stupa, originating from the Sanskrit term meaning a "heap," began as a simple semi-circular earth mound known as an "anda." Over time, it underwent a transformation, evolving into a more intricate architectural form that skillfully combined circular and square elements. Situated atop the anda was the "harmika," resembling a balcony, symbolizing the dwelling place of deities. Extending from the harmika was a central mast called the "yashti," frequently crowned with a "chhatri" or umbrella. Encompassing the mound was a protective railing, demarcating the sacred realm from the secular world.