Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

(a) Some aquatic plants have long ribbon-like pollen grains.

(b) In certain insect species, the floral reward for pollination is a safe place to lay eggs in the flower.

(c) Insect robbers consume pollen or nectar without contributing to pollination.

None of these

The correct answer is Option (4) -  None of these

(a) Some aquatic plants have long ribbon-like pollen grains: This statement is correct. Certain aquatic plants have adapted to their environment by producing elongated, ribbon-like pollen grains. These pollen grains are better suited for dispersal in water, allowing them to reach the female reproductive structures of other aquatic plants for successful pollination. In certain water-pollinated plants like seagrasses, the female flowers are submerged in water while the pollen grains are released within the water. In many species, the pollen grains are elongated and ribbon-like, allowing them to be carried passively by water currents. Some of these pollen grains eventually reach the stigma of the female flowers, resulting in successful pollination.

(b) In certain insect species, the floral reward for pollination is a safe place to lay eggs in the flower: This statement is also correct. Certain plant species offer floral rewards by providing secure locations for egg-laying. One example is the tallest flower of Amorphophallus, which can reach a height of approximately 6 feet. Similarly, a comparable relationship can be observed between a particular moth species and the Yucca plant. Flowers provide a protected environment for their eggs, ensuring the survival of their offspring.

(c) Insect robbers consume pollen or nectar without bringing about pollination: This statement is correct. Insect robbers, also known as nectar thieves, consume pollen or nectar from flowers without actively participating in pollination. They bypass the reproductive structures of the flower and obtain the floral resources through alternative means, such as piercing the flower or accessing the nectar without making contact with the reproductive parts. As a result, they do not contribute to pollination and may even reduce the availability of floral resources for legitimate pollinators.