Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| A. Polymerase chain reaction | I. Separation and purification of the product |
| B. Downstream processing | II. Thermostable DNA polymerase |
| C. Bioreactor | III. Treatment with a divalent cation such as calcium |
| D. Competent host | IV. Large-scale culture of cells under optimum growth conditions |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
(A) Polymerase chain reaction — this matches (II) Thermostable DNA polymerase. PCR repeats denaturation at a high temperature many times, so it needs a DNA polymerase from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus that stays active at that temperature.
(B) Downstream processing — this matches (I) Separation and purification of the product. After the biosynthetic stage, these processes make the product ready for marketing.
(C) Bioreactor — this matches (IV) Large-scale culture of cells under optimum growth conditions. Bioreactors process large volumes of culture and provide the best temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins and oxygen.
(D) Competent host — this matches (III) Treatment with a divalent cation such as calcium. This treatment increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium.
NCERT Extract:
Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR – “… Such repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus), which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA.”
Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product – “… A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen).”
Downstream Processing – “… The processes include separation and purification, which are collectively referred to as downstream processing.”
Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA) – “… This is done by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium, which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall.”