Match Column I with Column II. Column I Column II A. Isolation of DNA…

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

(A) Isolation of DNA fragments — this matches (3) Gel electrophoresis. DNA fragments carry a negative charge, so they move towards the anode in an electric field. In a gel, they separate by size, and the wanted band can be cut out and purified.

(B) Amplification of gene — this matches (4) PCR. In the polymerase chain reaction, DNA polymerase and two primers copy the gene again and again in vitro, giving many copies.

(C) Agarose — this matches (2) Natural polymer from sea weeds. Agarose is the matrix of the gel used in electrophoresis. Its sieving effect lets small fragments move farther than large ones.

(D) Bacteriophages — this matches (1) Virus infecting bacteria. A bacteriophage enters a bacterium and multiplies inside it. Phages are also used as cloning vectors because they have many genome copies per cell.

NCERT Extract:
Restriction Enzymes – “… Separation and isolation of DNA fragments : The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. Nowadays the most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds.”
Amplification of Gene of Interest Using PCR – “PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest is synthesised in vitro using two sets of primers (small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA) and the enzyme DNA polymerase.”
The Genetic Material is DNA – “The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came from the experiments of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952). They worked with viruses that infect bacteria called bacteriophages.”