The colonial city became the concrete expression of global capitalism. This relation with the city situated in Europe can be best described with the help of the following term:-
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Core-Periphery
Option (1) Industrialized-De industrialized — Incorrect. British industrialisation did lead to deindustrialisation in some sectors in India and the decline of old urban centres such as Surat. That describes what happened to Indian industry and old cities, not the link that the new colonial cities formed with Europe.
Option (2) Core-Periphery — Correct. Coastal cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai were favoured because primary commodities could be easily exported from them and manufactured goods cheaply imported. Colonial cities were thus the prime link between the economic centre or core in Britain and the periphery or margins in colonised India; in this sense they were the concrete expression of global capitalism.
Option (3) Imperial-Colonial — Incorrect. Imperial and colonial describe the political relation of ruler and ruled. The question asks how the economic tie between the colonial city and the European city is described, and that is the language of core and periphery.
Option (4) Urban-Rural — Incorrect. Urban and rural contrast towns with villages within a society. Both ends of the tie in the question are cities, one in India and one in Europe.
NCERT: Social Change and Development in India — Chapter 1: Structural Change, margin column and the next column of the section on colonialism and urbanisation (2025-26)
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